ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market | Latest Analysis, Demand Trends, Growth Forecast

Advanced Logic and Memory Fab Expansion Increasing Semiconductor ULPA Filtration Consumption Across East Asia

Taiwan, South Korea, China, and Japan collectively account for the majority of high-efficiency cleanroom filtration demand linked to semiconductor production. Taiwan remains the largest concentration point for advanced semiconductor manufacturing capacity, with companies such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company operating large-scale EUV-intensive facilities requiring highly stable cleanroom airflow systems. Semiconductor fabrication facilities operating below 7 nm process nodes require significantly tighter particulate management compared to mature-node fabs because even nanoscale airborne contamination can reduce wafer yield.

In April 2025, TSMC confirmed continued expansion of its Kaohsiung and Tainan facilities with cumulative investments exceeding USD 60 billion for advanced-node capacity additions. These facilities involve large-scale deployment of ISO Class 1 and ISO Class 3 cleanrooms, directly increasing procurement demand for ULPA ceiling modules, fan filter units, and AMC-compatible filtration systems. Semiconductor cleanroom operators typically replace ULPA filters every two to five years depending on airflow loads, contamination conditions, and process sensitivity, creating recurring aftermarket demand in addition to greenfield installations.

South Korea continues to represent one of the most filtration-intensive semiconductor manufacturing ecosystems due to high memory wafer output. Samsung Electronics and SK hynix increased investments in advanced DRAM and HBM manufacturing lines during 2024 and 2025 as AI accelerator demand accelerated globally. In March 2025, Samsung Electronics expanded investment allocation for the Yongin semiconductor cluster, where total long-term investment commitments surpassed KRW 300 trillion. These next-generation memory facilities require contamination control infrastructure with exceptionally high airflow stability, pushing demand for low-pressure-drop ULPA systems that reduce turbulence while maintaining particle capture efficiency.

China has become one of the fastest-growing demand centers for the ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market because of accelerated domestic semiconductor localization initiatives. Multiple wafer fabrication projects supported under China’s integrated circuit development programs increased demand for cleanroom infrastructure suppliers between 2024 and 2026. Facilities developed by Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation, Hua Hong Semiconductor, and YMTC contributed to rising procurement of filtration systems across deposition, etching, and packaging environments.

In November 2024, China announced additional semiconductor-focused financial support measures through regional industrial funds targeting advanced manufacturing equipment and cleanroom infrastructure. Several new fabs initiated during this period integrated localized filtration procurement strategies to reduce dependence on imported cleanroom consumables. However, premium ULPA filter systems for advanced semiconductor applications continue to rely heavily on Japanese, American, and European media technologies due to stringent leakage and uniformity requirements.

“Smaller semiconductor geometries are making cleanroom airflow quality more important across inspection, assembly, and wafer handling environments. Because of this, ULPA Filter for Semiconductor technologies remain closely associated with Laminar flow benches for Semiconductor Industry, where localized particle-free airflow is essential. The market also overlaps with Ionizers for Semiconductor Industry used to reduce electrostatic contamination during wafer movement. Broader investment in Semiconductor Industry Filtration & Purification Products is further strengthening adoption of advanced cleanroom filtration systems. “

Semiconductor Packaging Capacity Additions Raising ULPA Filter Installation Across Southeast Asia

Demand for ULPA filtration is no longer limited to front-end wafer fabrication. Advanced packaging, heterogeneous integration, fan-out wafer-level packaging, and chiplet assembly operations increasingly require high-cleanliness manufacturing environments. This shift is expanding the ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market into Southeast Asian electronics manufacturing clusters.

Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, and Thailand are seeing rising investments in semiconductor backend manufacturing and OSAT expansion. In August 2024, Intel expanded advanced packaging investments in Penang, Malaysia, where the company allocated several billion dollars toward assembly and testing operations supporting AI processors. Advanced packaging environments handling high-density interconnects and micro-bump architectures require stringent contamination control because microscopic particles can interfere with bonding integrity and yield.

Singapore continues to maintain a strong position in specialty semiconductor manufacturing and semiconductor equipment production. Facilities operated by GlobalFoundries, Micron Technology, and Infineon Technologies have increased cleanroom modernization spending to support automotive semiconductors and power electronics production. In February 2025, Singapore’s Economic Development Board highlighted additional semiconductor ecosystem investments exceeding SGD 5 billion across wafer fabrication, specialty materials, and advanced packaging operations. These projects directly support the installation of high-efficiency filtration infrastructure across new cleanroom zones.

Vietnam’s semiconductor ambitions are also influencing cleanroom equipment imports. During 2025, multiple electronics manufacturing suppliers linked to chip packaging and PCB substrate production expanded operations near Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Although Vietnam remains more focused on assembly and electronics manufacturing compared to wafer fabrication, contamination-sensitive electronics production is steadily increasing demand for localized cleanroom filtration systems.

North American Fab Construction Programs Creating Long-Term Demand Visibility for ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market

The United States semiconductor manufacturing revival has significantly altered demand visibility for cleanroom infrastructure suppliers. Large fabrication projects announced after the CHIPS and Science Act are translating into multi-year procurement cycles for airflow management systems, ULPA filters, FFUs, and AMC control solutions.

In 2024 and 2025, Intel accelerated construction activities in Ohio and Arizona while TSMC continued Arizona fab development exceeding USD 65 billion in cumulative planned investments. Samsung Electronics also expanded its Texas semiconductor manufacturing investments beyond previously announced levels. These projects are creating sustained demand for semiconductor-grade filtration systems because advanced fabs require hundreds of thousands of square meters of controlled cleanroom space.

Semiconductor manufacturing facilities in the United States are also adopting more energy-efficient filtration configurations. Electricity consumption associated with semiconductor cleanrooms remains substantial because airflow recirculation systems operate continuously. As a result, fabs increasingly prefer ULPA filters with lower resistance characteristics to reduce fan energy consumption while maintaining particle retention performance. This has encouraged filter manufacturers to invest in improved membrane structures and airflow optimization technologies.

The ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market in North America is additionally supported by growth in semiconductor equipment manufacturing. Companies producing lithography subsystems, vacuum systems, metrology tools, and deposition equipment require precision clean manufacturing areas where particulate contamination can affect tool calibration and reliability. Semiconductor equipment manufacturing clusters in California, Oregon, Texas, and Arizona therefore represent secondary demand centers beyond wafer fabs themselves.

Japanese and European Filtration Technology Suppliers Retain Strong Position in Premium Semiconductor Applications

Japan remains one of the most influential countries in the semiconductor cleanroom materials ecosystem despite comparatively lower leading-edge wafer capacity than Taiwan or South Korea. Japanese companies maintain strong positions in filtration media, specialty fibers, sealants, fluoropolymer materials, and contamination-control engineering.

Companies such as Nippon Muki and Camfil continue supplying high-performance filtration systems designed for semiconductor manufacturing environments requiring extremely low leakage rates and chemical compatibility. Japanese suppliers particularly benefit from strong relationships with semiconductor equipment manufacturers and cleanroom engineering firms.

In Europe, Germany and France are gaining importance due to investments in automotive semiconductors, power semiconductors, and silicon carbide manufacturing. In June 2025, Infineon Technologies advanced expansion activities at its Dresden facility, one of the largest semiconductor investments in Europe. Power semiconductor manufacturing requires contamination-controlled environments, particularly for wide-bandgap semiconductor production processes where wafer defect density remains a major concern.

European semiconductor sustainability regulations are also influencing the ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market. Cleanroom operators increasingly evaluate lifecycle energy consumption, filter replacement frequency, and recyclable material usage. This trend is driving demand for longer-life ULPA systems with reduced operational pressure drop.

Demand Concentration by Semiconductor Manufacturing Segment and Customer Type

The largest demand contributors within the ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market include:

Semiconductor Segment	Primary Demand Driver for ULPA Filters
Advanced Logic Fabs	EUV lithography contamination control
Memory Manufacturing	High wafer throughput and yield protection
Advanced Packaging	Fine-pitch bonding cleanliness
Power Semiconductor Production	Particle-sensitive SiC and GaN processing
Semiconductor Equipment Manufacturing	Precision assembly environments
Wafer Cleaning and CMP	Airborne particulate suppression

Major customer categories include:

• Foundries
• IDMs
• OSAT providers
• Semiconductor equipment manufacturers
• Cleanroom engineering contractors
• Specialty materials manufacturers

As semiconductor fabs move toward higher wafer starts and denser transistor architectures, airborne contamination tolerance levels continue declining. This trend keeps filtration infrastructure directly connected to semiconductor capital expenditure cycles. The ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market therefore remains strongly influenced by fab utilization rates, advanced-node transitions, AI chip manufacturing growth, and cleanroom expansion programs concentrated in Asia Pacific and North America.

EUV Lithography and Sub-3 nm Wafer Production Increasing Technical Requirements for Semiconductor ULPA Filtration

Technology evolution has become one of the strongest influencing factors for the ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market because contamination tolerance levels continue tightening as chip geometries shrink. Semiconductor manufacturing below 5 nm requires significantly cleaner airflow environments than mature-node production because particles measuring even a fraction of transistor dimensions can create yield losses, pattern distortion, or wafer defects. Advanced fabs increasingly operate under ISO Class 1 cleanroom standards in lithography and critical process zones, directly increasing demand for higher-efficiency ULPA filtration systems.

Extreme ultraviolet lithography deployment is one of the clearest technology-linked growth drivers. EUV scanners used in advanced logic production require exceptionally stable airflow and particulate control due to the sensitivity of reflective optics and photoresist processes. In 2025, ASML increased shipments of high-NA EUV systems to customers including TSMC, Intel, and Samsung Electronics. High-NA EUV platforms contain larger optical assemblies and tighter process windows, which increases cleanroom engineering requirements surrounding vibration control, airborne molecular contamination management, and particle filtration efficiency.

Semiconductor fabs manufacturing 3 nm and 2 nm chips are increasingly integrating localized mini-environment filtration systems in addition to central cleanroom airflow infrastructure. This shift is supporting higher adoption of compact ULPA modules integrated into wafer handling systems, FOUP storage systems, and robotic transfer environments. Compared with conventional HEPA filtration, ULPA systems provide higher retention performance for ultrafine particles, which is becoming increasingly necessary for advanced transistor architectures including gate-all-around (GAA) and backside power delivery designs.

Low Pressure Drop and Energy-Efficient Filter Media Becoming Competitive Priorities

Energy efficiency has become an important technology consideration in the ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market because semiconductor cleanrooms consume substantial electricity through continuous air recirculation. In advanced fabs, cleanroom systems can account for nearly 30% to 40% of total facility energy consumption depending on process type and airflow configuration. As a result, semiconductor manufacturers are increasingly evaluating filtration systems not only by capture efficiency but also by airflow resistance and lifecycle operating costs.

Filter manufacturers are investing in nanofiber membrane structures, PTFE-based media, and optimized pleat geometries to reduce pressure drop while maintaining ultrafine particle capture performance. Lower-resistance ULPA filters reduce fan energy requirements and help fabs meet sustainability targets without compromising contamination control.

In January 2025, several Japanese and European cleanroom equipment suppliers expanded development programs for energy-efficient semiconductor cleanroom filtration products targeting new fabs in Asia and North America. Semiconductor facilities constructed after 2024 increasingly incorporate digital airflow balancing systems and smart monitoring platforms capable of tracking filter loading conditions in real time. These systems improve maintenance scheduling and reduce unexpected airflow instability.

The technology shift toward predictive maintenance is also changing procurement preferences. Semiconductor fabs now prefer ULPA systems integrated with pressure sensors and contamination monitoring tools capable of supporting predictive analytics. Smart filtration infrastructure is becoming particularly important in high-utilization memory fabs where uninterrupted production cycles are critical for profitability.

Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor Manufacturing Expanding New Application Areas for ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market

Silicon carbide and gallium nitride semiconductor manufacturing are creating additional demand opportunities for advanced cleanroom filtration technologies. Production of SiC wafers and epitaxial layers involves defect-sensitive crystal growth and wafer processing stages where airborne contamination can reduce device reliability.

In 2024 and 2025, multiple investments in power semiconductor manufacturing increased demand for contamination-controlled facilities. Wolfspeed continued ramping activities at its Mohawk Valley facility while Infineon Technologies and STMicroelectronics expanded SiC manufacturing investments in Europe. Automotive electrification and industrial power electronics growth are directly supporting these investments.

Power semiconductor cleanrooms may not always require the same contamination thresholds as advanced logic fabs, but increasing wafer diameters and tighter process integration are steadily pushing filtration requirements upward. The transition from 150 mm to 200 mm SiC wafer production particularly increases sensitivity to yield loss from airborne contamination because wafer value per unit rises substantially.

AMC Control and Chemical Filtration Integration Reshaping Semiconductor Cleanroom Architecture

Particulate filtration alone is no longer sufficient for many semiconductor manufacturing environments. Airborne molecular contamination has become a major concern in advanced semiconductor processing because trace chemical contaminants can affect photolithography, deposition uniformity, and etching precision.

This is changing the design structure of semiconductor cleanrooms and creating hybrid demand for integrated ULPA and chemical filtration systems. Semiconductor manufacturers increasingly install filtration infrastructure capable of controlling:

• Acidic gases
• Basic contaminants
• Condensable organics
• Dopants
• Metal ions
• Molecular airborne contaminants

Advanced photoresist processes used in EUV lithography are especially sensitive to AMC exposure. As a result, fabs operating advanced lithography lines increasingly deploy multilayer filtration architectures combining ULPA particulate control with molecular filtration media.

In March 2025, cleanroom engineering contractors involved in advanced semiconductor projects in Taiwan and Arizona increased procurement activity for AMC-compatible airflow systems as EUV-intensive production capacity expanded. Semiconductor cleanroom specifications now frequently include both particle concentration thresholds and molecular contamination limits, increasing technical complexity for filtration suppliers.

ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market Segmentation by Filter Type and End Use

The ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market shows strong concentration in specific high-performance segments linked to advanced semiconductor production environments.

Segment	Estimated 2026 Share
Panel ULPA Filters	42%
Fan Filter Units with Integrated ULPA	28%
Mini-Environment ULPA Systems	18%
Ceiling Module ULPA Systems	12%

Panel ULPA filters remain dominant because they are widely installed across central cleanroom ceiling grids and recirculation systems in wafer fabs. However, mini-environment filtration systems are showing faster growth as semiconductor manufacturers increasingly isolate critical process zones.

By application, wafer fabrication facilities continue accounting for the majority of demand.

Application Segment	Estimated 2026 Share
Wafer Fabrication Fabs	56%
Semiconductor Packaging	19%
Semiconductor Equipment Manufacturing	13%
Power Semiconductor Production	8%
R&D and Pilot Lines	4%

Advanced wafer fabrication dominates due to higher cleanliness requirements and significantly larger cleanroom footprints. AI processor demand and high-bandwidth memory expansion continue supporting leading-edge fab construction, reinforcing this segment’s leadership position in the ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market.

Asia Pacific Retains Production Leadership Across Semiconductor ULPA Supply Chain

Asia Pacific remains the dominant production hub for semiconductor cleanroom filtration systems because the region combines semiconductor manufacturing concentration with mature cleanroom equipment ecosystems. Japan, China, South Korea, and Taiwan collectively account for a large share of semiconductor-grade filter manufacturing capacity.

Japan continues to lead in premium filtration materials and media technologies. Companies such as Daikin Industries and Nippon Muki maintain strong positions in high-purity filtration products used in semiconductor cleanrooms. Japanese suppliers benefit from established relationships with semiconductor equipment manufacturers and strong expertise in specialty materials engineering.

China has expanded production capacity for cleanroom consumables and filtration hardware during the last five years. Domestic suppliers increased investments in localized semiconductor infrastructure manufacturing after export restrictions and supply-chain disruptions exposed dependence on imported cleanroom components. In 2025, several Chinese industrial parks dedicated to semiconductor ecosystem localization included cleanroom materials manufacturing as part of broader semiconductor equipment supply-chain programs.

South Korea maintains strong demand-driven production because of its memory manufacturing concentration. Local filtration suppliers benefit from proximity to Samsung Electronics and SK hynix production clusters, where rapid fab modifications and equipment retrofits require responsive cleanroom supply chains.

North America and Europe Expanding Localized Manufacturing for Supply Security

The United States and Europe are increasing domestic production of semiconductor cleanroom infrastructure as governments prioritize supply-chain resilience. Semiconductor filtration products historically relied heavily on Asian manufacturing networks, but geopolitical tensions and logistics disruptions have encouraged regional diversification.

In the United States, semiconductor infrastructure expansion linked to the CHIPS Act is creating opportunities for localized manufacturing of filtration housings, airflow systems, and contamination-control equipment. Several cleanroom engineering firms expanded production capabilities in Texas, Arizona, and Ohio between 2024 and 2026 to support semiconductor fab construction schedules.

Global Manufacturers Competing on Low Outgassing, Pressure Drop, and Semiconductor Yield Protection

The ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market remains moderately consolidated at the premium end because semiconductor fabs require extremely high reliability, low leakage rates, and validated contamination-control performance. Suppliers capable of meeting semiconductor-grade cleanroom specifications generally compete on filtration efficiency, airflow uniformity, outgassing performance, pressure drop optimization, and lifecycle energy consumption rather than only pricing.

Japanese, European, and American manufacturers continue dominating advanced semiconductor applications, particularly for EUV-enabled fabs and contamination-sensitive process environments. Asian regional suppliers are increasing market penetration in standard semiconductor cleanroom installations, especially in China and Southeast Asia, but leading-edge semiconductor manufacturing still relies heavily on established filtration specialists with proven semiconductor qualification records.

Estimated 2026 market share distribution within the premium semiconductor ULPA filtration segment is outlined below:

Company Group	Estimated 2026 Market Share
Camfil	16%–19%
AAF International	14%–17%
Nippon Muki	12%–15%
Chinese regional suppliers	18%–22%
Other international cleanroom filter manufacturers	30%–35%

The market remains fragmented outside the high-end semiconductor segment because local cleanroom contractors and HVAC suppliers participate heavily in mature-node fabs and electronics manufacturing facilities. However, the advanced-node semiconductor filtration category shows much higher entry barriers due to contamination sensitivity and long qualification cycles.

Camfil Expanding Presence Through Semiconductor-Specific Low Outgassing ULPA Platforms

Camfil maintains a strong position in semiconductor cleanroom filtration, particularly in Europe and Asia Pacific. The company’s semiconductor-focused offerings include the Megalam series, especially Megalam FabSafe and Megalam ProSafe cleanroom panels designed for semiconductor fabrication environments.

Camfil’s semiconductor strategy emphasizes:

• Low outgassing characteristics
• Boron-free filtration configurations
• Energy-efficient airflow management
• Reduced pressure drop
• AMC-sensitive cleanroom compatibility

The company supplies ULPA systems for laminar airflow environments, fan filter units, and high-purity semiconductor cleanrooms. Its filtration products are used in semiconductor fabs, clean benches, and mini-environments requiring extremely low airborne particulate concentrations.

Camfil also benefits from strong positioning in energy-efficient cleanroom airflow systems. Semiconductor fabs increasingly evaluate filter lifecycle energy consumption because cleanroom airflow systems account for a substantial portion of facility electricity demand. This trend has supported adoption of lower-resistance ULPA media technologies across advanced fabs.

In September 2025, Camfil expanded production capacity at its Manesar facility in India to manufacture HEPA and ULPA filters for ISO-classified cleanroom environments. The facility expansion supports growing semiconductor and electronics manufacturing demand across India and Southeast Asia.

AAF International Strengthening Semiconductor Cleanroom Position Through AstroCel and MEGAcel Platforms

AAF International remains one of the major suppliers in the ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market through its AstroCel and MEGAcel product families. The company supplies HEPA and ULPA panel filters designed for high-purity semiconductor manufacturing environments.

AAF International’s major semiconductor-compatible products include:

• AstroCel II
• AstroCel III
• MEGAcel II ME

The AstroCel II series is widely positioned for cleanroom and microelectronics manufacturing environments requiring low-resistance laminar airflow filtration. The filters are available in ULPA efficiency configurations reaching 99.9995% capture efficiency.

The MEGAcel II ME platform specifically targets microelectronics manufacturing applications where ultra-low pressure drop and low outgassing performance are required. Semiconductor fabs increasingly prefer membrane-based filtration technologies because they improve energy efficiency while maintaining stringent particulate control.

AAF International also benefits from its broader electronics and high-purity filtration business portfolio. The company has expanded semiconductor cleanroom engagement across Asia, particularly in electronics manufacturing clusters where advanced packaging and semiconductor assembly operations are growing rapidly.

Nippon Muki Retaining Strong Position in Japanese Semiconductor Ecosystem

Nippon Muki continues maintaining strong presence across Japanese semiconductor and LCD manufacturing ecosystems. The company provides a full range of semiconductor-compatible air filters, including ULPA systems used in cleanroom infrastructure and contamination-sensitive production lines.

Nippon Muki’s positioning benefits from:

• Longstanding relationships with Japanese semiconductor manufacturers
• Strong cleanroom engineering expertise
• Integration with advanced manufacturing projects
• High-performance air handling technologies

Japanese semiconductor production facilities emphasize high operational stability and contamination reliability, which supports continued adoption of established domestic filtration suppliers. Nippon Muki products are widely used across semiconductor, LCD, and electronics manufacturing environments requiring ultraclean airflow systems.

The company also participates in broader cleanroom equipment supply chains, including air showers, pass boxes, and contamination-control systems integrated into semiconductor manufacturing facilities.

Chinese Manufacturers Expanding Regional Share Through Semiconductor Localization Investments

Chinese filtration manufacturers are increasing participation in the ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market as domestic semiconductor capacity expands. Local suppliers benefit from government-backed semiconductor ecosystem localization programs that prioritize regional sourcing for cleanroom infrastructure and consumables.

Chinese manufacturers including regional cleanroom filtration suppliers are increasingly serving:

• Mature-node wafer fabs
• Semiconductor packaging facilities
• Display manufacturing cleanrooms
• Electronics assembly plants
• Localized semiconductor equipment manufacturing

Domestic suppliers continue improving filtration efficiency and production quality, although premium advanced-node semiconductor fabs still rely heavily on internationally qualified filtration technologies for EUV-intensive operations and high-purity process areas.

China’s cleanroom supply-chain expansion accelerated between 2024 and 2026 alongside investments in foundry and memory manufacturing projects. Several regional industrial programs supporting semiconductor independence included incentives for localized cleanroom equipment and filtration component manufacturing.

ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market Share Influenced by Qualification Cycles and Fab Relationships

Market share in semiconductor filtration is strongly linked to long qualification cycles and cleanroom engineering partnerships. Semiconductor manufacturers rarely switch critical filtration vendors rapidly because airflow stability and contamination-control performance directly affect yield.

Major competitive factors include:

• Particle capture consistency
• Pressure drop stability
• AMC compatibility
• Filter lifespan
• Leakage control
• Semiconductor process qualification
• Service and replacement capabilities

Large semiconductor fabs often standardize filtration systems across entire production campuses, creating long-term supplier relationships. Suppliers with strong integration into fab construction ecosystems therefore maintain competitive advantages.

The ULPA Filter for Semiconductor Market is also seeing stronger alignment between filtration vendors and semiconductor cleanroom engineering firms. Collaborative airflow optimization and energy-reduction projects are becoming more common as fabs attempt to lower operating costs while maintaining stringent contamination standards.

Recent Industry Developments and Semiconductor Filtration Expansion Activity

• In April 2025, ASML expanded high-NA EUV deployment activities, increasing demand for advanced contamination-control infrastructure in leading-edge semiconductor fabs.
• In September 2025, Camfil expanded HEPA and ULPA production capabilities in Manesar, India, supporting rising semiconductor and electronics cleanroom infrastructure demand across Asia.
• During 2025, semiconductor fabs in Arizona, Texas, Taiwan, and South Korea accelerated procurement of low-outgassing ULPA systems compatible with EUV cleanroom requirements as advanced-node production capacity expanded.
• In 2025, advanced packaging investment programs in Malaysia and Singapore increased demand for semiconductor cleanroom fan filter units and ULPA filtration systems used in heterogeneous integration and chiplet packaging facilities.
• Between 2024 and 2026, semiconductor cleanroom operators increasingly adopted low-pressure-drop membrane ULPA technologies to reduce energy consumption associated with continuous cleanroom airflow circulation.