Agricultural Biologicals Market | Latest Analysis, Demand Trends, Growth Forecast

Market Summary and Growth Forecast

The global Agricultural Biologicals Market is valued at $17,250 million in 2026 and is expected to appreciate to $34,950 million by 2035, at a CAGR of 8.2%.

Agricultural biologicals are crop inputs developed from microorganisms, plant extracts, naturally occurring compounds, beneficial insects, biochemical signals and other nature-derived materials. They support pest control, nutrient uptake, root development, plant resilience and soil health. The category includes biocontrols, biostimulants, biofertilizers, microbial inoculants, biological seed treatments, pheromones and related crop-performance products.

For this assessment, the Agricultural Biologicals Market excludes genetically modified seed traits, conventional organic fertilizers and synthetic crop-protection chemicals. This definition is broader than estimates limited only to biocontrols and biostimulants. It captures biological nutrition and microbial inoculants as well.

Global Market Forecast

The forecast is positioned between two industry reference points. Syngenta estimates that agricultural biologicals are expanding at around 10% annually and could approach $20 billion by 2030. Bayer, using a narrower biocontrol and biostimulant definition, has indicated global demand rising from approximately €14 billion in 2024 to €30 billion beyond 2035, representing about 7% annual growth. The estimate used here reflects a wider product boundary while maintaining a conservative long-term adoption curve.

Business Relevance During 2026–2035

The Agricultural Biologicals Market is moving beyond its earlier association with organic farming and niche horticulture. Biological products are increasingly being positioned alongside conventional crop protection and plant nutrition. This is important. Most large growers are unlikely to replace synthetic inputs completely. They are more likely to combine chemical and biological products to manage resistance, improve nutrient efficiency and protect yields during heat, drought or disease pressure.

Several macro forces support this transition.

Regulatory pressure is opening space for biological alternatives. European integrated pest-management principles require preference for biological and other non-chemical methods when they provide satisfactory control. The European fertilising-products framework also gives plant biostimulants a defined regulatory identity based on nutrient efficiency, stress tolerance and crop-quality improvement. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency separately recognizes microbial, biochemical and plant-incorporated biopesticides.

Climate variability is increasing the value of stress-management products. Drought, irregular rainfall, temperature swings and soil degradation make crop performance less predictable. Biostimulants and microbial products are therefore being sold as risk-management tools, rather than only as sustainability inputs.

Input economics also matter. High fertilizer costs encourage growers to test nitrogen-fixing microbes, phosphate-solubilizing organisms and products designed to improve nutrient-use efficiency. These products will gain adoption where the additional yield or fertilizer saving is visible within one or two crop cycles.

Manufacturing scale is improving. Biological production is moving from small fermentation batches toward industrial facilities with better quality control and lower unit costs. In 2025, Syngenta opened a 22,000-square-metre facility in South Carolina designed to produce approximately 16,000 tonnes of biostimulants annually. This signals that major agricultural-input companies are preparing for commercial volumes, not only pilot demand.

That said, product consistency remains a central constraint. Microbial viability can be affected by temperature, storage, soil type, tank mixing and application timing. Companies that provide strong agronomic guidance and repeatable field results will gain more trust than suppliers relying mainly on sustainability claims.

Key Consumers and Clients

Analyst view: The market opportunity is not based on biological products replacing conventional inputs acre for acre. The stronger case is their inclusion in integrated crop programs, where they improve the productivity or durability of existing seed, fertilizer and crop-protection investments.

Market Segmentation and Forecast Scope

The Agricultural Biologicals Market can be assessed through product type, application method, crop category, end user and region. Each dimension reflects a different commercial question. Product segmentation shows where technology investment is moving. Application segmentation indicates how easily products can enter established farm practices. Crop and regional segmentation reveal where growers can justify the cost.

By Product Type

Biostimulants account for an estimated 38.7% of global revenue in 2026, making them the largest product category. They include microbial and non-microbial products designed to improve root growth, nutrient efficiency, crop quality and tolerance to abiotic stress. Their broad positioning allows them to be used across conventional, organic and regenerative production systems. Syngenta also identifies biostimulants as the largest biological category.

Biocontrol products include microbial pesticides, botanical products, naturally derived metabolites, biochemical pesticides and certain beneficial organisms. Their commercial relevance is strongest where growers face pesticide resistance, residue restrictions or a limited number of approved chemical active ingredients.

Biofertilizers and microbial inoculants improve nutrient availability through nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization and interactions within the plant rhizosphere. This group is strategically important in cereals, oilseeds, pulses and other large-acreage crops.

Pheromones and macrobials remain more specialized. However, their role is expanding in integrated pest management, greenhouse cultivation and high-value crops. New dispensing systems are also making pheromone solutions more practical for rice, corn and other field crops.

By Application Method

Foliar application remains a widely used route because products can be added to established spraying schedules. It is particularly relevant for biocontrols, plant extracts and stress-management products.

Seed treatment is expected to be one of the fastest-growing application methods. A small quantity of product can be applied uniformly before planting. This lowers field-labour requirements and gives microorganisms early access to the root zone.

Soil application is important for microbial inoculants, beneficial fungi, nematodes and soil-health products. Adoption depends heavily on soil moisture, organic matter and local microbial conditions.

Fertigation and drip application are gaining relevance in greenhouses, orchards and irrigated vegetable production. These systems provide more control over dose and timing.

Post-harvest biological treatment is a smaller but strategic area for reducing fungal spoilage and extending the marketable life of fruits and vegetables.

Use case: A seed-applied microbial product used on corn can enter the grower’s program without requiring an additional field pass. This improves the commercial case even when the biological effect is moderate.

By Crop Type

Cereals and grains provide the largest potential treated area. Corn, wheat and rice are becoming important targets for nitrogen-efficiency products, seed-applied microbes and biological pest control.

Oilseeds and pulses are established users of rhizobial inoculants. The opportunity is widening toward multi-strain products that combine nitrogen fixation, root development and nutrient availability.

Fruits and vegetables generate high biological-input spending per hectare. Crop value is high, quality standards are strict and residue limits can directly affect market access.

Plantation and permanent crops such as grapes, citrus, coffee and tree nuts require long-term disease, stress and soil-management programs. These crops support repeat purchases and premium formulations.

Turf, ornamentals and controlled-environment crops provide smaller acreage but attractive margins. Growers in these categories often have greater control over temperature, irrigation and application timing, which can improve biological performance.

By End User

Large commercial growers prioritize field evidence, application convenience and portfolio integration.

Small and medium-sized farmers represent substantial volume potential, especially in Asia, Latin America and Africa. However, demand creation requires demonstration plots, agronomist support and accessible distribution.

Organic producers remain consistent users, although they no longer represent the only meaningful customer group.

Greenhouse operators are strategically important because biological pest control can be combined with beneficial insects and tightly managed production conditions.

Seed companies are becoming important channel partners. Seed-applied biologicals can be incorporated into branded seed packages, creating recurring demand and wider geographic reach.

By Region

North America is estimated to represent 30.6% of global revenue in 2026. The region benefits from large commercial farms, mature agricultural retail networks, established seed-treatment infrastructure and relatively strong grower access to agronomic data.

Europe has high demand for residue reduction, integrated pest management and biostimulants. However, country-level registration complexity and slower approval processes can restrict the speed of product launches.

Asia Pacific is projected to record the fastest regional expansion through 2035. Growth will come from China, India, Southeast Asia, Australia and developed horticultural markets. The commercial challenge will be balancing affordable pricing with technical support across fragmented farming systems.

Latin America is one of the most strategic biological-input regions. Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Chile and Colombia provide favourable conditions for microbial inoculants, biological seed treatments and crop-stress products. Large soybean, corn, sugarcane and specialty-crop areas support scale.

Middle East and Africa remain emerging markets. Protected cultivation, water stress, export-oriented horticulture and the need to improve soil productivity will support selected product categories.

The revenue forecast covers product sales from manufacturers and primary distribution channels. It excludes application equipment, general agronomy services, conventional fertilizers, synthetic pesticides and revenue generated from carbon-credit transactions.

Market Trends and Business Innovations

Innovation in the Agricultural Biologicals Market is shifting from discovering individual organisms toward building complete product systems. A commercially successful biological product now requires an effective strain or compound, scalable fermentation, stable formulation, field consistency, regulatory approval and access to trusted agricultural channels.

R&D Is Moving Toward Predictive Biological Discovery

Early biological-product development depended heavily on screening large numbers of microorganisms through repeated field and laboratory trials. The next phase uses genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and phenotyping to understand why a biological works under certain crop and environmental conditions.

Developers are increasingly studying microbial genes, plant biomarkers and secondary metabolites. This allows them to remove weak candidates earlier and concentrate investment on strains with better commercial potential.

In January 2025, Syngenta and TraitSeq announced the use of artificial intelligence to identify plant biomarkers linked to biostimulant performance. The collaboration combines crop-biological data with machine-learning analysis of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and phenomics. The goal is to predict product efficacy more quickly and reduce dependence on lengthy trial-and-error development.

AI is therefore relevant, but mainly within R&D. It is not yet a standard feature of the biological product purchased by the farmer.

Expert view: AI will create the most value by reducing biological-product development failures. Its near-term role is candidate selection, performance prediction and trial design, rather than autonomous product application.

Single Strains Are Giving Way to Consortia and Metabolites

Single-strain microbial products will remain important. Still, developers are testing microbial consortia that combine several complementary functions. One microorganism may improve nutrient availability, while another supports root growth or suppresses a pathogen.

There is also growing interest in metabolites produced by microorganisms. Metabolite-based products may offer more stable storage and more predictable field performance than living microbial products. The production challenge is to engineer strains capable of generating these compounds at an economical industrial scale.

A 2024 collaboration between Syngenta and Ginkgo Bioworks focused on optimizing a microbial strain used to produce a secondary metabolite. Machine-learning methods were included to diagnose strain-performance limitations and support scale-up.

Formulation Technology Is Becoming a Competitive Barrier

Finding an effective microorganism is only the first stage. The organism must survive manufacturing, transportation, storage and field application. So, formulation science is becoming one of the industry’s most important capabilities.

Development priorities include:

• Microencapsulation to protect active organisms from temperature and ultraviolet exposure
• Dry and water-dispersible formulations with improved shelf life
• Seed-coating compatibility with polymers, colorants and conventional seed treatments
• Tank-mix stability with fertilizers and crop-protection products
• Controlled-release carriers for pheromones and microbial metabolites
• Low-moisture packaging to maintain microbial viability

Materials innovation is particularly relevant in pheromone delivery. Syngenta and Provivi developed biodegradable dispenser and granule formats for rice and corn pests in Asian markets, with commercial availability planned from 2026. The formulations are designed to provide longer activity while reducing effects on non-target organisms.

Biologicals Are Being Integrated with Mainstream Farm Programs

The market is moving away from selling biologicals as isolated alternatives. Major suppliers are combining them with seed care, conventional crop protection, fertilizer programs and digital agronomy.

This approach solves a practical problem. Farmers generally buy outcomes, not technologies. A product is more likely to scale when it fits an existing planting, spraying or fertigation schedule.

Seed treatment is central to this trend. It allows biological products to reach broad-acre crops through established seed distribution systems. Likewise, crop-protection companies can use their retail channels and agronomist networks to support biological-product adoption.

In June 2026, Novonesis and Rovensa Next announced a United States distribution agreement beginning with the 2027 growing season. The combined offer covers seed treatment, biostimulants, biofertilizers, biological nutrition, biocontrol and post-harvest applications. This shows how biological suppliers are building full-season portfolios rather than selling single products.

Manufacturing and Distribution Are Attracting Strategic Investment

Biological companies have historically faced limitations in fermentation capacity, quality control and market access. Larger agricultural-input groups are addressing these gaps through acquisitions, partnerships and new production plants.

The Lavie Bio collaboration is designed to accelerate bio-insecticide discovery, while the Novartis transaction added natural compounds, genetic strains, bioengineering, fermentation and analytical capabilities.

The Groundwork BioAg agreement is also notable. It combines mycorrhizal inoculants with digital tools and a soil-carbon program for crops including corn, soybeans, cereals and sunflower in Latin America and Europe. This may introduce a business model in which the biological product supports both crop performance and an additional environmental revenue stream.

Future Commercial Direction

Through 2035, innovation will concentrate on four outcomes: more consistent field performance, longer shelf life, lower fermentation cost and easier integration into existing farming systems.

Biological nutrient-efficiency products could move rapidly into broad-acre crops because fertilizer savings are relatively easy to quantify. Biological insecticides and fungicides will gain importance where chemical resistance or regulatory withdrawal creates a clear control gap. Biostimulants will remain commercially attractive, but suppliers will face increasing pressure to prove crop-specific performance.

Expert view: The leading companies will not necessarily be those with the largest microorganism libraries. Competitive advantage will come from converting biological discovery into stable products, manufacturing them economically and generating repeatable returns under commercial field conditions.

Commercial implication: By the end of the forecast period, biologicals will increasingly be purchased as part of complete seed, nutrition and crop-protection programs. Standalone products with weak technical support will find it harder to retain growers.

Competitive Intelligence and Benchmarking

Competition in the Agricultural Biologicals Market is divided between large crop-input groups and specialist biological companies. The large groups bring distribution, regulatory resources and existing relationships with growers. Specialists often hold deeper expertise in microorganisms, beneficial insects, fermentation or plant-response science.

The market is therefore not controlled by one business model. Scale helps. But biological performance still depends on strain selection, formulation quality, crop-specific trials and agronomic support.

Competitive Benchmarking

Company Positioning

Bayer

Bayer follows an open-innovation approach. Its internal agricultural research platform is combined with external partnerships in microbial discovery, natural compounds and pheromone-based pest management. The company is well positioned to insert biological products into larger seed, crop-protection and digital advisory programs.

Its strongest opportunity is not standalone biological sales. It is integrated crop programs in which a biological input complements conventional chemistry. This may improve customer retention and raise revenue per hectare. Bayer is also expanding pheromone distribution across the Asia Pacific region, Latin America and the United States.

Syngenta

Syngenta has built one of the broadest biological platforms among conventional agricultural-input companies. Its portfolio covers crop stimulation, biological protection, nutrient-use efficiency and seed health.

The company strengthened this position in February 2025 by acquiring agricultural natural-compound and genetic-strain assets from Novartis. It also started operations at a large biological manufacturing facility in South Carolina. These investments improve its control over discovery, fermentation, scale-up and commercial production.

Syngenta’s main competitive strength is portfolio integration. A grower can receive seed treatment, crop protection, biostimulant and nutrient-efficiency products through a familiar commercial channel. That lowers the adoption barrier.

Corteva Agriscience

Corteva Agriscience established a dedicated biological business after integrating the acquired operations of Stoller and Symborg. The resulting platform covers microbial and non-microbial crop-health technologies, stress management, nutrient efficiency and yield-support products.

The company has a structural advantage in seed-applied biologicals. Its seed brands and grower relationships create a route for biological products to reach corn, soybean, cotton and other broad-acre crops. The strategy is based on predictable field performance rather than positioning biologicals only as environmentally preferable products.

BASF

BASF positions biologicals as part of integrated pest and crop management. Its portfolio addresses insect control, disease management, pesticide-residue reduction, resistance management and crop-stress tolerance.

The company’s planned acquisition of AgBiTech, announced in January 2026, would expand its biological insect-control capabilities, particularly in Brazil. This is commercially important because Brazilian soybean, corn and cotton growers manage intense insect pressure across very large cultivated areas.

UPL

UPL operates a broad natural and biological crop-input platform. It includes biological pest management, plant stimulation, crop nutrition, soil-health products and selected post-harvest applications.

The company is strategically strong in emerging agricultural markets. Its distribution coverage gives it access to crops and countries that smaller biological developers may struggle to serve. Also, its portfolio can address multiple growth stages within the crop cycle.

The challenge is portfolio complexity. Biological products often require more technical explanation than conventional generic chemicals. Distributor training and local field demonstrations are therefore essential.

Novonesis

Novonesis is one of the strongest science and manufacturing participants in microbial agricultural inputs. Its agricultural platform uses naturally occurring microorganisms and enzymes to improve crop health, nutrient access and yield performance.

The company is particularly relevant in microbial seed treatments, inoculants and biological crop protection. It frequently works through commercial partners that already have direct relationships with agricultural retailers and growers. Its June 2026 agreement with Rovensa Next in the United States follows this model.

Koppert Biological Systems

Koppert Biological Systems is differentiated by its expertise in living beneficial organisms. Its portfolio includes predators, parasitoids, beneficial mites, nematodes, microorganisms and natural pollination systems.

The company reports more than 300 solutions, sales in over 100 countries and more than five decades of biological crop-protection experience. Its position is especially strong in greenhouses, berries, vegetables, ornamentals and other high-value crops.

Expert view: Large agricultural-input companies will control distribution and portfolio bundling. Specialist companies will continue to supply much of the underlying biological innovation. So, partnerships and acquisitions will remain a normal part of competition through 2035.

Regional Landscape and Adoption Outlook

Regional adoption is shaped by more than environmental policy. Farm size, crop value, registration procedures, local manufacturing, storage conditions and extension support all affect commercial demand.

The Agricultural Biologicals Market is most mature where growers can measure performance and where suppliers provide reliable local technical support. High-value crops remain the easiest entry point. Broad-acre adoption is growing, but it requires lower application costs and more consistent field results.

United States

The United States remains one of the most commercially developed agricultural biologicals markets. Adoption is supported by large farms, established seed-treatment infrastructure, strong agricultural retail networks and extensive university field-testing capabilities.

Demand is moving beyond fruits and vegetables. Corn, soybean, cotton, wheat and pulse growers are using microbial inoculants, biological seed treatments, nutrient-efficiency products and biological pest-control tools.

The regulatory structure is comparatively clear. The United States Environmental Protection Agency classifies biopesticides as biochemical, microbial or plant-incorporated products. Certain microbial products may also require coordination between the EPA and the United States Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.

California, Florida and the Pacific Northwest lead specialty-crop use. The Midwest and Great Plains provide the largest future acreage opportunity for seed-applied microbes and nutrient-efficiency products.

Research support is also meaningful. The USDA’s 2025–2030 crop-protection research program specifically includes biological, behavioural and cultural pest-control methods within integrated pest management.

Europe

Europe has strong demand for residue reduction, integrated pest management, organic production and biological alternatives. Spain, Italy, France and the Netherlands are important commercial markets because of their fruit, vegetable, vineyard and greenhouse industries.

The region has a defined framework for plant biostimulants under Regulation (EU) 2019/1009. The regulation recognizes products that improve nutrient-use efficiency, stress tolerance, crop quality or nutrient availability independently of their nutrient content.

Biological crop-protection products are regulated under the plant-protection framework. Active ingredients require EU-level assessment, while commercial products move through zonal or member-state authorization. Newer rules place greater emphasis on the biological characteristics of microorganisms during risk assessment.

That said, Europe remains difficult for smaller suppliers. Approval timelines, country-specific requirements and different agronomic conditions can delay commercialization. Policy support is high, but regulatory execution is not always fast.

China

China offers large-volume potential across rice, wheat, corn, vegetables, fruits and protected cultivation. The market includes microbial fertilizers, botanical pesticides, beneficial organisms and plant-growth products.

Adoption is strongest where local authorities, cooperatives and large farms coordinate pest-management programs. The Northeast grain belt offers volume potential for seed and soil products. Shandong, Yunnan and southern horticultural regions provide opportunities for biocontrols and residue-management products.

China’s policy direction supports lower-risk pest control and reduced dependence on chemical inputs. In 2025, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs encouraged local authorities to use biological control and environmentally lower-risk pesticides in crop disease and pest programs. National agricultural technology priorities also include green and low-carbon agriculture through 2028.

China has a strong fermentation and agricultural biotechnology base. However, product quality can vary across local suppliers. Registration, strain identity, viable-cell concentration and field validation will become more important purchasing criteria.

India

India represents one of the largest future volume opportunities. The strongest demand comes from biofertilizers, microbial inoculants, botanical crop protection, biological seed treatments and low-cost plant-health products.

Adoption is supported by smallholder cost pressure, soil degradation and national interest in reducing dependence on externally purchased chemical inputs. However, commercial products must compete with locally prepared farm inputs and low-priced regional brands.

The National Mission on Natural Farming, approved in November 2024, has a total outlay of ₹2,481 crore. It targets 750,000 hectares, 15,000 clusters, 10,000 Bio-Input Resource Centres and awareness among 10 million farmers. More than one million farmers had been enrolled by July 2025.

Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Kerala are among the states with active natural or biological farming programs.

The policy creates distribution and training infrastructure. Yet not all spending will become commercial market revenue. Many supported inputs are prepared locally. Branded suppliers will need to prove better shelf life, concentration and crop response.

Japan

Japan is a smaller market by cultivated area, but it supports premium biological products. Demand is concentrated in rice, vegetables, fruits, greenhouse crops and high-quality export-oriented production.

The country’s MIDORI Strategy targets a 50% reduction in the risk-weighted use of chemical pesticides, a 30% reduction in chemical fertilizer use and an increase in organic farming to one million hectares, or 25% of farmland, by 2050.

Japan maintains demanding registration and efficacy requirements. Updated data guidance is available for microbial pesticides and natural-enemy products. This raises development costs, but it also limits low-quality market entry.

Commercial success will depend on product consistency, low residue levels and compatibility with precise Japanese crop-management practices.

South Korea

South Korea has attractive demand in greenhouse vegetables, fruit, protected cultivation and premium food crops. Farm acreage is limited, but input spending per hectare can be high.

The Rural Development Administration develops environmentally friendly pesticides and fertilizers based on microorganisms. It also supports integrated pest management using effective microorganisms and other lower-impact agricultural materials.

The government views green biotechnology as an export-oriented growth industry. Domestic companies are being supported through research, product development, funding, data and overseas-market entry programs.

South Korea’s opportunity lies in high-performance microbial formulations, greenhouse biocontrol and technology licensing. Scale will be lower than China or India, but margins can be stronger.

Middle East

The Middle East remains a smaller market, but it is strategically relevant. Water scarcity, salinity, protected cultivation and the need for local food production create demand for stress-management products, biological pest control and root-health solutions.

The United Arab Emirates is developing modern agricultural infrastructure around vertical farms, hydroponics and controlled-environment agriculture. Food Tech Valley includes an 18 million-square-foot integrated community, a 6.2 million-square-foot production zone and a dedicated innovation park.

Saudi Arabia is building domestic biological-control capabilities. Its Biological Control and Bumblebee Production Center supports beneficial-organism production, integrated pest-management planning, registration support and technical services.

The regional opportunity is focused rather than broad. Greenhouses, berries, dates, vegetables, nurseries and landscaping will adopt first. Products must tolerate heat and extended storage.

Regional Regulation and Support Comparison

Expert view: India and China offer the largest incremental user base. The United States provides the strongest near-term revenue quality. Europe offers premium demand, but registration complexity can reduce launch speed.

Recent Developments, Opportunities and Restraints

Recent Developments

Opportunities and Business Insights

Broad-acre nutrient efficiency

Microbial seed treatments and nutrient-efficiency products can move biologicals into corn, wheat, soybean, rice and cotton. These crops provide much larger acreage than horticulture. The strongest products will show a measurable fertilizer saving, yield improvement or reduction in field passes.

Example: A seed-applied microorganism that improves nutrient access can be distributed through an existing seed-treatment facility. This removes the need for a separate grower application.

Emerging-market localization

India, China, Brazil and Southeast Asia offer strong volume growth. Local fermentation, smaller packaging and regional crop trials can reduce product cost. Partnerships with cooperatives, seed companies and rural distributors will be important.

AI-supported product development

AI can screen strains, identify plant-response biomarkers and improve trial design. This may reduce development failures and shorten the path from microbial discovery to commercial formulation.

The value will remain mainly in R&D. AI will not solve poor formulation, weak storage stability or inadequate field support.

Market Restraints

Field-performance variability

Temperature, soil moisture, pH, native microorganisms and application timing can alter biological performance. A product that works in one region may deliver weaker results elsewhere.

Shelf-life and logistics

Living organisms require stable manufacturing and storage conditions. Heat exposure and long distribution chains can reduce viable-cell concentration before the product reaches the farm.

Regulatory fragmentation

Biostimulants, biofertilizers and biopesticides are classified differently across countries. This increases testing costs and delays international product launches.

Farmer return requirements

Growers will not pay a premium only for an environmental claim. Suppliers must prove yield improvement, input savings, quality gains or risk reduction.

Expert view: The Agricultural Biologicals Market will expand fastest where biological products solve a clear economic problem. Sustainability may support the buying decision, but repeat sales will depend on return per hectare.