Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market | Latest Analysis, Demand Trends, Growth Forecast

Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Demand Expansion Driven by Advanced Logic, Memory, and Specialty Fab Investments

Gas purification systems have become a critical infrastructure layer inside semiconductor fabrication facilities as process geometries continue to shrink below 5 nm and contamination tolerance levels tighten across deposition, etching, lithography, and epitaxy stages. The Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market is estimated at approximately USD 1.65 billion in 2026, supported by accelerated fab investments in Asia-Pacific and North America, rising consumption of ultra-high purity specialty gases, and increasing deployment of EUV-enabled manufacturing lines. Demand concentration remains heavily linked to advanced wafer fabrication clusters in Taiwan, South Korea, China, the United States, and Japan, where semiconductor capital expenditure continues to expand despite periodic cyclicality in consumer electronics demand.

Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers are primarily deployed in high-volume logic fabs, NAND and DRAM manufacturing facilities, compound semiconductor production, advanced packaging lines, and specialty analog fabs. Their role is especially critical in removing moisture, oxygen, hydrocarbons, metal contaminants, and particles from process gases such as nitrogen, hydrogen, argon, ammonia, silane, helium, and specialty fluorinated gases. Contamination at parts-per-billion or parts-per-trillion levels directly impacts wafer yield, transistor reliability, and defect density, making purifier integration mandatory rather than optional in advanced semiconductor nodes.

Major customer groups include:

• Integrated Device Manufacturers (IDMs)
• Pure-play foundries
• Memory manufacturers
• Semiconductor equipment OEMs
• Specialty gas delivery system integrators
• Compound semiconductor fabs
• Advanced packaging and heterogeneous integration facilities

The largest procurement volumes currently originate from mega fabrication expansions involving companies such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Samsung Electronics, Intel Corporation, SK hynix, and Micron Technology. These manufacturers are increasing process complexity, which directly raises purifier installation density per fab.

Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market Linked Closely with EUV Lithography and Advanced Deposition Capacity

Demand for Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market solutions is increasingly tied to EUV lithography deployment and advanced thin-film deposition growth. EUV-based fabrication environments require exceptionally stable ultra-high purity gas streams because even microscopic contamination can reduce lithography precision and increase stochastic defects.

In April 2025, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company accelerated installation activities for its Arizona Fab 21 Phase 2 expansion, with investment commitments crossing USD 65 billion for combined U.S. manufacturing projects. The facility includes advanced 3 nm and future 2 nm process capabilities. Such fabs require extensive gas purification infrastructure across bulk gas distribution, deposition chambers, and etch systems, substantially increasing purifier demand per wafer start.

Similarly, in March 2026, Samsung Electronics expanded cleanroom construction at its Taylor, Texas semiconductor project, where planned investment exceeded USD 40 billion including future phases. Advanced GAA transistor manufacturing lines operating at high wafer throughput rates require tighter impurity control for hydrogen, nitrogen, and process precursor gases, pushing procurement of high-capacity point-of-use and bulk gas purification systems.

The Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market also benefits from the rising intensity of atomic layer deposition (ALD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. ALD cycle counts continue increasing in advanced NAND architectures exceeding 300 layers, while logic manufacturers are deploying more complex multi-patterning and selective deposition steps. Each additional process stage raises sensitivity to contaminants and increases purifier replacement frequency.

Industry data from semiconductor equipment associations and fab construction trackers indicates that global wafer fabrication equipment spending in 2026 remains above USD 110 billion, with process equipment installations heavily concentrated in logic and memory expansions. Gas purification infrastructure demand scales directly alongside these investments because gas purity specifications tighten with each node migration.

Asia-Pacific Maintains Dominant Consumption Share in Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market

Asia-Pacific accounts for the majority of global Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market demand due to concentrated semiconductor manufacturing capacity across Taiwan, South Korea, China, and Japan. The region hosts the largest installed base of advanced wafer fabs and specialty materials supply chains.

Taiwan remains one of the most significant demand centers because of extreme foundry concentration. Northern and Southern Taiwan Science Parks continue to attract infrastructure spending related to advanced logic manufacturing. In January 2026, Taiwan authorities approved additional industrial utility expansion projects supporting semiconductor water, power, and specialty gas infrastructure around Kaohsiung and Tainan. Expansion of advanced fab ecosystems increases purifier installations not only inside fabs but also across upstream gas distribution systems.

South Korea continues to generate substantial demand through memory manufacturing investments. In June 2025, SK hynix announced additional expenditure linked to advanced HBM and DRAM production capacity expansion at Yongin Semiconductor Cluster projects. High-bandwidth memory production requires increasingly sophisticated deposition and etch processes with strict gas contamination limits. Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers are therefore seeing increased deployment density in Korean memory facilities.

China has become a major volume consumer despite export-control restrictions affecting advanced equipment access. Domestic semiconductor manufacturing expansion across mature-node logic, power semiconductors, analog chips, and compound semiconductor production continues to support purifier demand. In September 2025, multiple Chinese provincial governments expanded semiconductor funding initiatives exceeding USD 40 billion collectively for domestic manufacturing ecosystem development. Even where cutting-edge EUV capability remains restricted, mature-node fabs still require ultra-high purity process gases for yield optimization.

Chinese procurement patterns are also shifting toward localization of gas handling systems and purification technologies. Domestic gas system integrators are increasingly collaborating with regional purifier manufacturers to reduce dependence on imported contamination-control infrastructure.

Japan maintains strong relevance in the Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market because of its position in specialty materials, semiconductor chemicals, and industrial gas ecosystems. Japanese fabs and materials production facilities continue investing in contamination reduction systems for silicon carbide, power semiconductor, and advanced packaging applications. In February 2026, additional investment announcements linked to Hokkaido semiconductor manufacturing expansion projects increased projected demand for high-purity gas delivery infrastructure.

North American Semiconductor Reshoring Expands High-Purity Gas Infrastructure Requirements

North America is experiencing rapid growth in semiconductor infrastructure spending, directly increasing demand for Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers systems. U.S. policy incentives under semiconductor manufacturing support programs continue encouraging domestic fab construction.

In August 2025, Intel Corporation continued expansion activities for its Ohio semiconductor manufacturing campus where total planned investment exceeded USD 28 billion in initial phases. Large-scale fabs require centralized bulk gas purification units along with hundreds of localized point-of-use purification systems integrated into tool clusters.

The United States also remains a major demand center for compound semiconductor manufacturing involving gallium nitride and silicon carbide devices. These applications require ultra-high purity hydrogen and ammonia streams during epitaxial growth processes. Electric vehicle power electronics expansion and AI data-center power management demand are indirectly increasing purifier requirements in compound semiconductor production facilities.

Demand growth in North America is further supported by advanced packaging and heterogeneous integration investments. Semiconductor packaging facilities increasingly require clean process environments with controlled gas purity during wafer bonding, underfill curing, and thermal treatment operations.

Customer Procurement Patterns Shifting Toward Long-Term Reliability and Predictive Maintenance Integration

Customer purchasing behavior within the Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market has shifted beyond basic contamination removal efficiency. Procurement criteria increasingly include:

• Purifier lifespan stability
• Regeneration efficiency
• Pressure-drop optimization
• Real-time contamination monitoring
• Predictive maintenance capability
• Compatibility with automated fab monitoring systems
• Reduced downtime during cartridge replacement

Large semiconductor customers are emphasizing operational continuity because unplanned purifier failure can disrupt high-value wafer production. This is particularly critical in advanced logic and HBM manufacturing where wafer values are significantly higher than mature-node products.

Gas purifier suppliers are therefore integrating advanced sensing technologies capable of monitoring trace contaminants in real time. Demand for smart purifier systems is increasing especially among leading-edge fabs operating fully automated manufacturing environments.

Another notable trend involves increasing collaboration between industrial gas companies, semiconductor equipment OEMs, and purifier manufacturers. Customers increasingly prefer integrated gas management ecosystems instead of standalone purification products. This procurement model is strengthening long-term supply agreements and increasing technical qualification requirements for purifier suppliers serving advanced semiconductor facilities.

Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market Technology Evolution Influenced by Sub-5 nm Manufacturing and High-Purity Process Integration

Technology progression in the Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market is directly connected with shrinking semiconductor geometries, increasing wafer layer complexity, and rising sensitivity of deposition and etching environments to molecular contamination. Earlier-generation fabs could tolerate impurity levels measured in parts per million for certain process stages, whereas advanced logic and memory facilities now require purification performance extending into parts per trillion for moisture, oxygen, and hydrocarbons.

This transition has altered purifier architecture, media chemistry, monitoring systems, and integration methods across semiconductor fabs. The technological evolution is particularly visible in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography facilities, advanced DRAM production, silicon carbide power semiconductor manufacturing, and high-layer NAND fabrication.

Gas purifiers are no longer treated as passive infrastructure components. Semiconductor manufacturers increasingly classify them as process-critical contamination control systems linked directly to yield management and device reliability.

Major technological shifts influencing Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market demand include:

• Transition toward sub-5 nm and future 2 nm process nodes
• Increasing use of EUV lithography tools
• Growth in atomic layer deposition intensity
• Expansion of silicon carbide and gallium nitride manufacturing
• Rising use of specialty precursor gases
• Deployment of smart gas monitoring systems
• Higher adoption of point-of-use purification architecture
• Integration with automated fab management systems

Advanced fabs are also increasing redundancy requirements within gas delivery networks. Multiple purifier stages are now frequently installed in series for critical gases used in deposition and lithography systems.

Point-of-Use Purification Systems Gain Larger Share Across Advanced Wafer Fabrication Lines

Point-of-use purifier adoption has increased substantially because advanced process nodes require contamination removal close to the process chamber rather than relying entirely on centralized bulk purification systems.

In advanced logic fabs, gas purity degradation can occur during transmission through distribution lines, valves, or storage systems. Point-of-use purifiers reduce this risk by eliminating contaminants immediately before gas enters process equipment. Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers designed for localized installation are therefore seeing stronger adoption in deposition, etch, and implantation tools.

The trend accelerated after multiple leading-edge fabs increased EUV production throughput during 2025 and 2026. EUV process chambers operate under extremely tight contamination specifications because molecular impurities affect resist performance and pattern fidelity. As a result, fabs are increasing the number of purifier units installed per process tool cluster.

Hydrogen purification systems are also experiencing strong technological advancement. Hydrogen is widely used in annealing, epitaxy, and deposition applications, particularly in advanced memory and compound semiconductor manufacturing. New purifier technologies are improving removal efficiency for oxygen and moisture impurities while minimizing pressure losses.

Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers utilizing heated getter technologies and advanced adsorbent materials are increasingly replacing older purification systems in advanced fabs because they offer longer operational lifetimes and lower maintenance frequency.

AI Processor and High-Bandwidth Memory Expansion Increasing Purity Requirements

The growth of AI accelerators and high-bandwidth memory manufacturing is creating indirect but substantial demand for next-generation gas purification technologies. Advanced AI processors require high transistor density and sophisticated packaging architectures involving multiple deposition and etching stages.

In May 2026, SK hynix expanded HBM production infrastructure to support AI server demand growth. HBM manufacturing involves complex TSV (through-silicon via) processing and advanced wafer-level operations requiring extremely stable gas purity conditions.

Similarly, advanced packaging lines supporting AI chiplets and heterogeneous integration are increasing usage of purified nitrogen, argon, and hydrogen environments during wafer bonding and thermal processing operations.

The Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market is therefore benefiting not only from wafer fabrication growth but also from increasing contamination-control intensity within packaging ecosystems.

Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market Segmentation Highlights by Technology and Installation Type

Key market segmentation trends include:

By Purifier Technology:

• Getter-based gas purifiers
• Heated catalyst purifiers
• Adsorption-based purifiers
• Membrane purification systems
• Cryogenic purification technologies

Getter-based systems currently account for a large share in advanced semiconductor fabs due to ultra-low contamination capability for hydrogen, nitrogen, and inert gases.

By Installation Architecture:

• Bulk gas purification systems
• Point-of-use purifiers
• Portable purification modules
• Integrated gas cabinet purification systems

Point-of-use systems are recording the fastest adoption growth due to EUV-related contamination control requirements.

By Gas Type:

• Nitrogen
• Hydrogen
• Argon
• Helium
• Ammonia
• Silane
• Specialty fluorinated gases

Hydrogen and nitrogen purification systems collectively account for a major portion of semiconductor fab installations because of broad utilization across deposition, annealing, and inert processing environments.

By End Customer:

• Foundries
• Memory manufacturers
• IDMs
• Compound semiconductor fabs
• Semiconductor packaging facilities
• Research fabs and pilot lines

Advanced foundries and HBM memory facilities remain the largest purchasers due to higher process complexity and contamination sensitivity.

Production Concentration in Japan, United States, South Korea, and Taiwan Shapes Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Supply Dynamics

Production of Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers remains concentrated among technologically advanced industrial regions with strong semiconductor equipment ecosystems.

Japan continues to hold an important position in purification materials, specialty ceramics, high-performance adsorbents, and contamination-control engineering. Japanese manufacturers maintain strong supply-chain integration with semiconductor materials and gas companies.

In October 2025, Japanese industrial authorities supported additional semiconductor materials ecosystem investments linked to Hokkaido and Kyushu semiconductor expansion projects. These investments strengthened local demand for ultra-high purity gas systems and contamination-control equipment.

Japanese companies also benefit from close collaboration with specialty gas suppliers and semiconductor equipment OEMs. This ecosystem integration supports rapid qualification cycles and customized purifier development for advanced fabs.

The United States remains another major production center because of its leadership in semiconductor process equipment manufacturing and industrial gas engineering. U.S.-based purifier manufacturers maintain strong relationships with wafer fabrication tool companies and advanced process development programs.

In March 2026, U.S. semiconductor equipment investments linked to domestic manufacturing initiatives increased procurement opportunities for locally produced contamination-control systems. Expansion of new fabs in Arizona, Texas, and Ohio continues to support domestic purifier assembly and engineering activities.

American production dynamics also benefit from strong compound semiconductor activity involving defense electronics, EV power semiconductors, and aerospace systems. These applications require high-purity gas delivery systems capable of operating under strict reliability conditions.

South Korea remains an important production and demand hub because of vertical integration between semiconductor manufacturers, gas suppliers, and cleanroom infrastructure companies. Korean suppliers are increasingly expanding local purification technology capabilities to support domestic HBM and DRAM production growth.

Taiwan’s role is primarily associated with consumption and engineering integration rather than large-scale purifier manufacturing dominance. However, Taiwan maintains extensive expertise in fab utility systems and semiconductor facility engineering. Gas purifier integration projects continue increasing alongside new advanced-node construction activities.

China is expanding domestic manufacturing capabilities for gas purification hardware and supporting infrastructure. While advanced ultra-high purity technologies still rely partly on imported expertise, local companies are increasing participation in mature-node fabs, compound semiconductor facilities, and industrial gas purification applications.

OEM Ecosystem Expanding Around Semiconductor Gas Delivery and Contamination Control Infrastructure

The Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market operates within a broader OEM ecosystem involving semiconductor equipment manufacturers, industrial gas suppliers, valve and flow-control companies, gas cabinet integrators, and cleanroom engineering firms.

Major ecosystem participants include:

• Semiconductor process equipment OEMs
• Industrial gas companies
• Gas cabinet manufacturers
• Flow controller suppliers
• Ultra-high purity valve manufacturers
• Cleanroom engineering firms
• Fab utility integration companies
• Contamination monitoring system providers

The integration cycle between purifier suppliers and OEMs has become longer and more technically demanding because advanced fabs require extensive qualification testing before production deployment.

Semiconductor equipment manufacturers increasingly require purifier compatibility validation for:

• ALD systems
• CVD tools
• Dry etch platforms
• Epitaxy systems
• Ion implantation tools
• EUV lithography support systems

This qualification environment favors suppliers capable of long-term reliability testing, contamination analytics, and customized engineering support.

Major Manufacturers Expanding Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market Presence Through Ultra-High Purity and OEM Integration Capabilities

The Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market remains moderately consolidated, with a limited number of suppliers capable of meeting ultra-high purity requirements for advanced semiconductor fabrication. Supplier qualification cycles in semiconductor fabs are lengthy, often extending beyond 12 months, because purifier performance directly impacts wafer yield, contamination levels, and equipment uptime. This creates high entry barriers and strengthens the position of established manufacturers with proven installation records in advanced logic and memory fabs.

The competitive landscape is dominated by companies with expertise in:

• Ultra-high purity gas handling
• Getter material science
• Semiconductor contamination control
• Specialty gas systems
• Integrated gas delivery infrastructure
• Process tool compatibility engineering

Large semiconductor fabs increasingly prefer suppliers capable of providing purifier systems alongside valves, gas cabinets, flow controls, filtration, and contamination monitoring systems. This has favored vertically integrated contamination-control companies.

Approximate competitive positioning in the Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market indicates:

• Top 5 manufacturers collectively account for more than 55% of global revenue
• Advanced-node fabs rely heavily on approved supplier lists with limited vendor rotation
• Japanese, U.S., and European suppliers dominate high-purity installations
• Regional Chinese suppliers are increasing penetration in mature-node fabs

The Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market also demonstrates strong customer retention because purifier qualification at advanced nodes is technically demanding and expensive to repeat.

Entegris Strengthening Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market Position Through Integrated Contamination-Control Portfolio

Entegris remains one of the most influential participants in the Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market because of its broad contamination-control ecosystem spanning gas filtration, specialty materials, fluid handling, and advanced semiconductor manufacturing support.

The company’s semiconductor gas purification portfolio includes:

• GateKeeper gas purification systems
• Gas Microcontamination Control solutions
• Specialty gas filtration products
• Point-of-use purification systems

Entegris maintains strong positioning in advanced logic and silicon carbide manufacturing environments. The company benefits from long-standing relationships with leading foundries and memory manufacturers.

In August 2024, Entegris entered a long-term supply agreement with ON Semiconductor to support silicon carbide semiconductor manufacturing requirements. The agreement covered complementary semiconductor process materials and specialty gas-related solutions, highlighting rising contamination-control demand in compound semiconductor production.

The company’s broad OEM integration capability provides competitive advantages because fabs increasingly prefer suppliers capable of supporting entire contamination-control architectures rather than standalone purifier hardware.

SAES Pure Gas Maintains Strong Installed Base in Advanced Semiconductor Gas Purification

SAES Getters, through SAES Pure Gas operations, remains one of the most recognized suppliers in semiconductor gas purification technologies.

Its major offerings include:

• MicroTorr gas purifiers
• Heated getter purification systems
• Ambient temperature purifiers
• Hydrogen and inert gas purification systems

The company’s MicroTorr product line is widely recognized in semiconductor applications requiring ultra-low moisture and oxygen contamination levels. SAES technologies are used for purification of:

• Nitrogen
• Hydrogen
• Rare gases
• Ammonia
• Arsine
• Phosphine
• HCl process gases

SAES has maintained strong positioning because of deep expertise in getter materials and ultra-high purity purification media engineering.

Its systems are particularly relevant in deposition-intensive manufacturing environments involving CVD, epitaxy, and advanced etching operations.

Pall Corporation Expanding Semiconductor Gas Filtration and Purification Integration

Pall Corporation remains a major participant in semiconductor contamination-control infrastructure through its gas filtration and purification technologies.

The company has strong exposure to:

• Semiconductor gas filtration
• Point-of-use gas purification
• Particle contamination control
• High-purity process filtration

Pall benefits from integration across semiconductor liquid and gas contamination control applications, allowing cross-selling opportunities within advanced fabs. Its filtration technologies are extensively used in wafer fabrication facilities operating advanced process nodes and high-volume memory production.

The company’s strength lies in high-flow contamination management for semiconductor process gases and specialty chemicals used in deposition and lithography systems.

Taiyo Nippon Sanso and Matheson Supporting Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market Through Industrial Gas Ecosystems

Taiyo Nippon Sanso and its U.S. subsidiary Matheson remain important suppliers in semiconductor gas purification infrastructure.

The companies benefit from vertical integration across:

• Specialty semiconductor gases
• Gas cabinets
• Bulk gas systems
• Purification technologies
• Gas distribution engineering

Taiyo Nippon Sanso has strong exposure to Asian semiconductor manufacturing ecosystems, especially in Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea. Its purifier systems are integrated into advanced semiconductor gas delivery networks supporting logic and memory production.

The company’s competitive advantage comes from combining gas supply capability with purification and delivery infrastructure, reducing compatibility risks for semiconductor customers.

Japan Pionics Building Position in High-Purity Semiconductor Utility Systems

Japan Pionics continues expanding within semiconductor utility and gas purification systems.

The company is known for:

• Ultra-high purity gas purifiers
• Gas cabinets
• Valve manifold boxes
• Semiconductor gas supply systems
• Clean utility integration

Japan Pionics maintains strong presence in Asian semiconductor manufacturing clusters and benefits from Japanese semiconductor infrastructure investments.

The company’s engineering-oriented approach is particularly relevant for fabs requiring customized utility integration and advanced gas distribution systems.

Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market Share Dynamics Influenced by Fab Qualification Cycles

Competitive positioning in the Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market is determined less by unit pricing and more by:

• Qualification success rates
• Installed base reliability
• Process-node compatibility
• OEM partnerships
• Service support capability
• Ability to maintain purity consistency under high throughput

Estimated market share concentration trends indicate:

• Entegris and SAES collectively maintain strong influence in advanced-node applications
• Japanese suppliers dominate portions of specialty purification hardware
• Industrial gas companies maintain strong leverage in integrated utility contracts
• Chinese suppliers are gaining share primarily in mature-node and domestic fabs

Advanced fabs rarely switch purifier suppliers once qualified because revalidation can interrupt production schedules and increase contamination risk. This creates relatively stable long-term supply relationships.

The Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market also demonstrates increasing collaboration between purifier manufacturers and semiconductor equipment OEMs. Tool makers increasingly require contamination-control validation before integrating gas delivery systems into deposition and etch platforms.

OEM Ecosystem Becoming More Interconnected Across Gas Delivery, Filtration, and Monitoring Platforms

The broader OEM ecosystem supporting Semiconductor Industry Gas Purifiers Market expansion includes:

• Gas cabinet manufacturers
• Mass flow controller suppliers
• Semiconductor tool OEMs
• Ultra-high purity valve manufacturers
• Industrial gas providers
• Contamination monitoring companies
• Cleanroom engineering contractors

Semiconductor fabs are increasingly demanding integrated gas management architectures with:

• Real-time contamination analytics
• Predictive maintenance capability
• Automated monitoring systems
• Lower pressure-drop designs
• Remote diagnostics integration

This is encouraging purifier suppliers to move beyond hardware manufacturing toward service-oriented contamination-control platforms.

Recent Industry Developments and Semiconductor Gas Purification Expansion Activity

• In August 2024, Entegris signed a long-term agreement with ON Semiconductor supporting silicon carbide semiconductor manufacturing expansion and specialty gas-related process solutions.
• During 2025 and 2026, multiple semiconductor fabs in Taiwan, South Korea, and the United States accelerated procurement of ultra-high purity gas infrastructure tied to AI processor and HBM manufacturing growth.
• Japanese semiconductor ecosystem investments linked to Hokkaido manufacturing projects increased demand for local gas utility integration and contamination-control systems during 2025.
• Chinese semiconductor infrastructure projects continued increasing purchases of domestically integrated gas purification systems for mature-node and compound semiconductor fabs through 2025 and 2026.
• Advanced packaging expansion across AI semiconductor production chains increased deployment of localized point-of-use purification systems during 2026, especially in wafer bonding and heterogeneous integration environments.